Heroic Characters in The Lord of the Rings Saga Essay

Throughout literary history, heroes are usually described as being good looking and tall. People who are categorized as heroes need to have a distinguished courage and heroes are often rewarded for their courageous and noble acts. A hero needs to be liked by the inhabitants of his or her country because he or she committed a heroic act such saving a child who has fallen into a well. In many books, the character with all of the heroic qualities is often the main character. Although some characters from the Lord of the Rings saga perfectly fit this description like Aragorn and Boromir, most heroic characters in this novel are quite unlikely. Frodo and his friends are unusual creatures called Halfling, more popularly called Hobbits. Before†¦show more content†¦After having smoked and enjoyed the beautiful scenery of the shire, they go back inside for a second breakfast. Their relaxed habits and loose physical shapes make them unlikely for an adventure of such stature. It is qu ite obvious that Hobbits are quiet, relaxed and clam people which makes the reader wonder â€Å"how?† and â€Å"why?† a Hobbit would participate in such journey. Well, for all of the things that Frodo, Sam, Merry and Pippin have been through, any reader can see that these Hobbits have good spirits, great courage and strength. Frodo was not like Bilbo he did not want to go on an adventure, he really wanted to stay home. But since Gandalf was one of Frodo’s good friends, Frodo decided to take the ring for Gandalf even though he knew of its perils. Throughout the novel, Frodo shows an immense sense of courage. For instance, when the kings of death, Nazgul, were following Frodo and his friends, Frodo knew that he was outnumbered and physically outmatched, but he still kept on going. Also, one of Frodo’s best friends—and also his gardener—was Samwise Gamgee. Samwise was a strange and funny Hobbit and the son of the old Gaffer. Since Sam was a gar dener for Frodo he was often around the house. One day, Sam overheard a conversation between Gandalf and Frodo. They were talking about rings, kings and Dark Lords. Gandalf caught Samwise and made him Frodo’s companion. From here on out, Sam wasShow MoreRelated A Comparison of Women in Beowulf, Widsith and Icelandic Sagas4023 Words   |  17 PagesWomen in Beowulf , Widsith and Icelandic Sagas  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are women in these poems active equals of the men? Or are they passive victims of the men? The roles of the women in Beowulf, Widsith, The Saga of The Volsungs, and the Saga of King Hrolf Kraki are not always stereotyped ones of passive homemaker and childbearer and peaceweaver, but sometimes ones giving freedom of choice, range of activity, and opportunity for personal growth and development.    Let us first ofRead MoreA Comparison of Christian Influence on Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki2779 Words   |  12 PagesChristian Influence on Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Beowulf the Christian influence is revealed through approximately 70 passages in which the form of expression or the thought suggests Christian usage or doctrine (Blackburn 3); The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki is in its own way infused with Christian values even though it preserves remnants of the cult of Odin.    The Christian element seems to be too deeply interwoven in the text of Beowulf for us to suppose thatRead MoreMy Name is Nobody: Postmodernism in Derek Walcotts The Schooner Flight1389 Words   |  6 PagesTales of journeys appear repeatedly throughout the expanse of literature; these sagas include the stories of Gilgamesh, King Arthur, and, more recently, The Lord of the Rings. Derek Walcott’s poem â€Å"The Schooner Flight† initially seems out of place amongst these surging legends of heroics and danger, yet through closer examination the poem flourishes as a postmodern retelling then deconstruction of the age-old heroic journey. The poem is a celebration of Greek mythology, a disruptive force againstRead More Beowulf and Grettirs Saga Essay3715 Words   |  15 PagesBeowulf and Grettirs Saga IN THE DEAD OF THE NIGHT, someone or something, is murdering the local townsfolk. As fate provides, a stranger marches into the local bar announcing his intention to kill the menacing outlaw. The fiend returns to the scene of his crimes, and, as predicted, the outsider fights and mortally wounds the brute, which limps off to a hidden lair. The hero and his comrade(s) track the wounded villain to an underwater cave and the ensuing fray results in the death of the criminalsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The R. Tolkien 1912 Words   |  8 PagesPart of this literary success comes from his astounding character development; his way of writing causes the reader to truly feel what his characters are experiencing and many a reader has cried at the death of a Tolkien character. However, if most people attempt to think of one of his characters the first ones that come to mind are males such as Aragorn and Frodo, when in all reality some of his most intriguing and subtly pivotal characters ar e females. Galadriel, Là ºthien, Arwen, and EÃŒ owyn are fourRead MoreBritish Literature Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesBritish Literature 1. the Middle Ages the oldest literature monument of the Anglo – Saxon period is the old Germanic legend called BEOWULF. This heroic poem is about the strong and courageous pagan hero Beowulf John Wycliffe – is a professor of Oxford University. With his students he translated the whole Bible into English - he influenced Master Jan Hus and our Hussite movement very much 2. the renaissance and humanism Geoffrey Chaucer – Canterbury Tales – brilliant portrait of 30 pilgrimsRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 Pagesthe Heroic, the sources of which are pre-Christian Germanic myth, history and custom; and the Christian. Heroic, or Epic Poetry belongs to one of these two types and refers to long narrative poems celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, in a grand, ceremonious style. In its strict use by literary critics, the terms Heroic Poetry or Epic are applied to a work that meets the following criteria: such a poem must be related in an elevated style, and centered upon a heroic or quasi-divineRead MoreHeroism as the Main Theme of Beowulf Essay2557 Words   |  11 Pagessuccess in battle. This is why King Hrothgar is known as the ring-giver. He behaves according to expectations of the duties of a lord when he lavishly rewards Beowulf and the other Geat warriors for ridding the Danes of Grendels menace.O:P/O:P But the thanes have their obligations too. (A thane is a warrior who has been rewarded by his king with a gift of land.) They must show undivided loyalty to their lord. Only in this way can the society survive, because the worldRead MoreHeroism Main Theme in Beowulf3076 Words   |  13 Pagestribe and their success in battle. This is why King Hrothgar is known as the â€Å"ring-giver.† He behaves according to expectations of the duties of a lord when he lavishly rewards Beowulf and the other Geat warriors for ridding the Danes of Grendel’s menace. But the thanes have their obligation too. (A thane is a warrior who has been rewarded by his king with a gift of land.) They must show undivided loyalty to their lord. Only in this way can the society survive, because the world depicted in BeowulfRead MoreThe Forest in Folk and Fairy-Tales3104 Words   |  13 PagesBrothers Grimm’s Little Red Riding Hood, and popular fairy tale heroines like Snow White experience the threat of death in the forest and the joy of deliverance. The eponymous heroes of J.R.R. Tolkien’s seminal high fantasy texts The Hobbit and The Lord of The Rings and J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series must also lose themselves in the woods. These heroes battle not only their own demons, but shadows cast over the future of humanity. All must enter the forest at great personal risk in order to evolve.

Nike vs. Reebok - 1362 Words

Nike vs. Reebok Questions 1. The success of Nike was strictly fortuitous and had little to do with great decision making. Evaluate this statement. The important part of the success was due to the far-sight of Nikes management team. Nikes CEO, who was a marathoner and knew what runners wanted for their shoes, had made a very basic strategy work; make the products that fit their consumers needs. Examples of great decision making are: • Diversifying products (into sports wears and others) was a smart move that had contributed to the current and growing success of Nike. • Nikes managements bet on celebrities marketing. These athlete celebrities including Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods had introduced and placed Nike and its swoosh†¦show more content†¦The major factor to its success could be due to the consistent marketing with the extended coverage into peoples everyday life. The swoosh appears in advertising so much that people tend to correlate it with Nike by heart. 9. Critics have condemned Nikes targeting ghetto youth with its expensive celebrity shoes. What is your opinion about this? Unethical? Shrewd marketing? A tempest in a teapot? Nikes marketing team would be unwise to try to mark the kids that have little buying powers as their target group. In selling its products, it is inevitable that Nike would want to market their products to widest audience possible. It is therefore possible that these youth would perceive the image of the products and would like to posses them (and so do other well-being youth and adults). Part of the reason Nike became the focal point of criticism of various kinds especially in regarding treatment to children is probably its use of child-labor in their China manufacturingShow MoreRelatedNike vs. Reebok1378 Words   |  6 PagesNike vs. Reebok Questions 1. The success of Nike was strictly fortuitous and had little to do with great decision making. Evaluate this statement. The important part of the success was due to the far-sight of Nikes management team. Nikes CEO, who was a marathoner and knew what runners wanted for their shoes, had made a very basic strategy work; make the products that fit their consumers needs. Examples of great decision making are: • Diversifying products (into sports wears and others)Read MoreNike: Globalizing the Sportswear Industry1250 Words   |  5 PagesNike case Grachya Ovsepyan Alexander Kopenkin 2011 Nike – Globalizing the Sportswear Industry 1. Evaluate Nike’s business strategy. Does Nike have a sustainable competitive advantage? According to the text, there are four cornerstones in Nike’s strategy: 1) Deepening its relationship with customers. There are some obvious ways of having a â€Å"deep relationship† with customers such as taking into consideration results of various enquiries or following current trends like many companiesRead MoreNike and What It Does to Third World Countrys1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition The current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labour, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paperRead MoreNike Marketing Plan Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesendeavors to recommend a viable marketing plan for the footwear giant, Nike. The plan has been adequately substantiated with thorough research on different factors affecting the firm along with various ways of addressing future challenges. This research paper highlights that Nike is confronted with multifarious issues which need to be negotiated amicably. Result of the study concludes that there is still a world waiting for the Nike to be exploited, outsmarting its competitors employing its innovativeRead MoreN ike-High End Shoe Market Survey in Bangladesh.Doc2217 Words   |  9 Pagesbuy it, how often they buy it, how often they use it, how they evaluate it after the purchase and impact of such evaluation on future purchases disposal. Nike shoes are sold worldwide at high price. People tend to associate high price positively with good quality maximum performance. Because of the high price, before buying Nike shoes, people undergo extensive information processing, i.e. - ask friends or search the internet to find information about the product. 1.2 Origin of Report Read MoreNike-High End Shoe Market Survey in Bangladesh.Doc2203 Words   |  9 Pagesit, how often they buy it, how often they use it, how they evaluate it after the purchase and impact of such evaluation on future purchases disposal. Nike shoes are sold worldwide at high price. People tend to associate high price positively with good quality maximum performance. Because of the high price, before buying Nike shoes, people undergo extensive information processing, i.e. - ask friends or search the internet to find information about the product. 1.2 Origin of Report Read MoreFootwear Industry Research4095 Words   |  17 PagesFootwear Industry Local Vs Global Footwear Industry Local Vs Global A Secondary Research and Analysis on Local and Global Brands in the Indian Footwear Industry Submitted to: Prepared By: Chirag Bansal Deepti Tripathi(IMT-G) Read MoreThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition1752 Words   |  8 PagesThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition Steven Van Dusen The current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labor, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paper will analyzeRead MoreWhat Is Adidas’s Corporate Strategy?1695 Words   |  7 Pagesmarketing strategic tool of matching their product line with famous athletes and sporting events according to their product line. Adidas’s goal has been to focus on surpassing Nike the leader in the global sporting goods industry. There has since been an obvious change in strategic approach from prior to acquiring Reebok International and divesting Salomon winter sports line in 2005 and 2006. They were unable to integrate the winter apparel line of Salomon with the adidas footwear thus having createdR ead MoreSweatshops : A Factory Or Workshop1264 Words   |  6 Pagesmoney. If a designer can get a garment made for $0.50 each then sell that garment for $200 to consumers. The pay given to workers is unfair and unjust, Houghteling wrote in the Harvard International review, â€Å"In Indonesia, for example, where Nike and Reebok laud their recent wage increases in response to the economic downturn, sweatshop laborers now make US $0.20 an hour, while the CEPs calculated national living wage is seven cents higher.† At the end of the day greed has blinded the fashion industry

Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence Free Essays

The Effectiveness of using Cooperative Learning in Enhancing Reading Comprehension for English for Communication II students in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Chapter 2: Literature Review 1. John Myers (Cooperative Learning Vol 11 #4 July 1991) points out that the dictionary definitions of â€Å"collaboration†, derived from its Latin root, focus on the process of working together; the root word for â€Å"cooperation† stresses the product of such work. We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. According to Ted Panitz (1996), he summarize from Johnson, Johnson Smith (1991) the six principles of their definition of a new paradigm of teaching and define cooperation is a structure that was designed to help and guide the specific of product or aims through people that working together in a group. 3. According to Skinners, et. al (2001), cooperative learning is also one of approach under The Communicative Approach where it involves a group of learners been instructed by one teacher when they are working together to complete the task instead of competitively working on it. . Weidner (2003,p. 29) states that cooperative learning is a special form of group teaching which accentuates and structures social processes in learning and makes them a subject of discussion. 5. â€Å" Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups os that students work together to maximize their own and other’s learning† (Johnson, Johnson Holubec, 1998,p. 15) 6. Robert Slavin ( 1987), suggested that cooperative learning occurs when instructional methods enable students to work and learn in small heterogeneous – ability groups. When this happens, cooperative learning is able to lead students into the social power of learning (Zemelman, Baniel Hyde, 1993) 7. Roger T. and David W. Johnson (1994), says that even though these three interaction patterns are not equally effective in helping students learn concepts and skills, it is important that students learn to interact effectively in each of these ways. Students will face situations in which all three interaction patterns are operating and they will need to be able to be effective in each. They also should be able to select the appropriate interaction pattern suited to the situation. An interpersonal, competitive situation is characterized by negative goal interdependence where, when one person wins, the others lose. 8. Borchmann Kirchmann (2006), found that there 5 basic elements in cooperative learning which is interpersonal and small group skills, face to face interaction, individual and group accountability, positive interdependence and group processing. 9. Cowie and Rudduck, (1988, p. 0), state that cooperative learning offers a view of learning which is socially based. 10. Artzt and Newman(1990), define that cooperative learning is an activity involving a small group of learning who work together as a team to complete a task or accomplish a common goal. 11. Davidson (1990) says that cooperative learning is a task of group discussion and resolution (if possible) requiring face to face interaction, an atmosphere of cooperation and mutual helpfulness and individual accountability. 12. Spencer, Kegan (1990), provided as definition of collaborative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. He defines collaborative learning as the structured approach to collaborative learning which is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures or content- free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. 13. Goodsell, Maher and Tinto (1992) describe cooperative learning as a working in groups of two or more mutually searching for understanding, solutions or meanings or creating a product. 4. O’Donnell (2002) is that this cooperative method enhances social interaction that is important for learning because higher mental functions, such as reasoning, comprehension and critical thinking, originate in social interactions and are then internalized by individuals. 15. From Collins Online Dictionary 10th Edition, reading comprehension is a text that students use to help them improve their reading skills b y reading and answering questions relating to the text. Sometimes, used as a test or examination of reading skills. A reading comprehension can be in the students own or another language. 16. According to Snow, Catherine E (2002), in her report entitled ‘Reading For Understanding; Towards an RD Program in Reading Comprehension†, defines reading comprehension as the â€Å"process simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language†. 17. Aarnoutse, Van den Bos,. Brand-Gruwel, 1998; Jenkins et al. , (2003), believe that vocabulary knowledge, fluency, word recognition, and listening comprehension are necessary skills for reading comprehension. 18. s a process that requires how to decode through the development of an extensive repertoire of sight words, learning the meanings of vocabulary words encountered in the texts, and learning how to abstract meaning from text. It represents how well readers understand literal comprehension which concentrates on explicit meaning and inferential comprehension which concentrates on implicit meaning in the reading text. 19. Pressley (2000), states that the development of comprehension skills is a long term developmental process which depends on language and text experiences from early stage of life. Learning how to decode and learning how to abstract the meanings of vocabulary words are commonly encountered in texts. 20. Tahir, (1988, p. 24), â€Å"Reading comprehension involves visual mechanical skills of recognition, remembering of meaning of words, integrating grammatical and semantic clues and relating to the reader’s own general knowledge and the knowledge of the subject being read†. 21. Daniel E. Himes (2007), in his article entitled â€Å"How to Improve Reading Comprehension†, he supports that cooperative learning is one of the method to improve reading comprehension. 2. Erly Wahyuni (2006) in his journal article entitled â€Å"The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Technique in Increasing the Students’ Comprehension of Literary Texts† said that the learners’ responses to the cooperative learning in literary text was good and interesting as they were able to discuss the literary text together. 23. Kassim Shaaban (2007,) from hi s article â€Å"An Initial Study of the Effects of Cooperative Learning on Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary Acquisition, and Motivation to Read† that cooperative learning improves learners’ motivation to read. How to cite Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence, Essays Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence Free Essays The Effectiveness of using Cooperative Learning in Enhancing Reading Comprehension for English for Communication II students in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Chapter 2: Literature Review 1. John Myers (Cooperative Learning Vol 11 #4 July 1991) points out that the dictionary definitions of â€Å"collaboration†, derived from its Latin root, focus on the process of working together; the root word for â€Å"cooperation† stresses the product of such work. We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. According to Ted Panitz (1996), he summarize from Johnson, Johnson Smith (1991) the six principles of their definition of a new paradigm of teaching and define cooperation is a structure that was designed to help and guide the specific of product or aims through people that working together in a group. 3. According to Skinners, et. al (2001), cooperative learning is also one of approach under The Communicative Approach where it involves a group of learners been instructed by one teacher when they are working together to complete the task instead of competitively working on it. . Weidner (2003,p. 29) states that cooperative learning is a special form of group teaching which accentuates and structures social processes in learning and makes them a subject of discussion. 5. â€Å" Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups os that students work together to maximize their own and other’s learning† (Johnson, Johnson Holubec, 1998,p. 15) 6. Robert Slavin ( 1987), suggested that cooperative learning occurs when instructional methods enable students to work and learn in small heterogeneous – ability groups. When this happens, cooperative learning is able to lead students into the social power of learning (Zemelman, Baniel Hyde, 1993) 7. Roger T. and David W. Johnson (1994), says that even though these three interaction patterns are not equally effective in helping students learn concepts and skills, it is important that students learn to interact effectively in each of these ways. Students will face situations in which all three interaction patterns are operating and they will need to be able to be effective in each. They also should be able to select the appropriate interaction pattern suited to the situation. An interpersonal, competitive situation is characterized by negative goal interdependence where, when one person wins, the others lose. 8. Borchmann Kirchmann (2006), found that there 5 basic elements in cooperative learning which is interpersonal and small group skills, face to face interaction, individual and group accountability, positive interdependence and group processing. 9. Cowie and Rudduck, (1988, p. 0), state that cooperative learning offers a view of learning which is socially based. 10. Artzt and Newman(1990), define that cooperative learning is an activity involving a small group of learning who work together as a team to complete a task or accomplish a common goal. 11. Davidson (1990) says that cooperative learning is a task of group discussion and resolution (if possible) requiring face to face interaction, an atmosphere of cooperation and mutual helpfulness and individual accountability. 12. Spencer, Kegan (1990), provided as definition of collaborative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. He defines collaborative learning as the structured approach to collaborative learning which is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures or content- free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. 13. Goodsell, Maher and Tinto (1992) describe cooperative learning as a working in groups of two or more mutually searching for understanding, solutions or meanings or creating a product. 4. O’Donnell (2002) is that this cooperative method enhances social interaction that is important for learning because higher mental functions, such as reasoning, comprehension and critical thinking, originate in social interactions and are then internalized by individuals. 15. From Collins Online Dictionary 10th Edition, reading comprehension is a text that students use to help them improve their reading skills b y reading and answering questions relating to the text. Sometimes, used as a test or examination of reading skills. A reading comprehension can be in the students own or another language. 16. According to Snow, Catherine E (2002), in her report entitled ‘Reading For Understanding; Towards an RD Program in Reading Comprehension†, defines reading comprehension as the â€Å"process simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language†. 17. Aarnoutse, Van den Bos,. Brand-Gruwel, 1998; Jenkins et al. , (2003), believe that vocabulary knowledge, fluency, word recognition, and listening comprehension are necessary skills for reading comprehension. 18. s a process that requires how to decode through the development of an extensive repertoire of sight words, learning the meanings of vocabulary words encountered in the texts, and learning how to abstract meaning from text. It represents how well readers understand literal comprehension which concentrates on explicit meaning and inferential comprehension which concentrates on implicit meaning in the reading text. 19. Pressley (2000), states that the development of comprehension skills is a long term developmental process which depends on language and text experiences from early stage of life. Learning how to decode and learning how to abstract the meanings of vocabulary words are commonly encountered in texts. 20. Tahir, (1988, p. 24), â€Å"Reading comprehension involves visual mechanical skills of recognition, remembering of meaning of words, integrating grammatical and semantic clues and relating to the reader’s own general knowledge and the knowledge of the subject being read†. 21. Daniel E. Himes (2007), in his article entitled â€Å"How to Improve Reading Comprehension†, he supports that cooperative learning is one of the method to improve reading comprehension. 2. Erly Wahyuni (2006) in his journal article entitled â€Å"The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Technique in Increasing the Students’ Comprehension of Literary Texts† said that the learners’ responses to the cooperative learning in literary text was good and interesting as they were able to discuss the literary text together. 23. Kassim Shaaban (2007,) from hi s article â€Å"An Initial Study of the Effects of Cooperative Learning on Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary Acquisition, and Motivation to Read† that cooperative learning improves learners’ motivation to read. How to cite Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence, Essay examples

Essay on Modifications of Science free essay sample

They are directed to improve several aspects of people’s life, especially as regards health and nutrition of the world. On the other hand, they are also very polemic, as many controversial ideas are taken into account, such as the manipulation of human lives thanks to technology techniques, reasons why sometimes they are considered to be bane. But it is important to realize that if these scientific advances ever become a bane, is not the fault of science but our failing. It’s impossible since it is deeply immersed in many aspects of our daily lives, providing us with a huge variety of discoveries, tools and means to greater comfort and benefits. As it is widely known, science is constantly evolutioning, making possible for mankind to obtain more than what Nature gives us, and this is accomplished through processes such as organ transplants, therapeutic cloning, reprogenetics and genetically modified food. But these developments in science often tend to be controversial because many times they are thought to be a bane rather than a boon. Nevertheless, through this essay we will see that these advances in science are definitely a boon since they not only contribute to lifespan extension but also provide us with a wide range of benefits. One issue worth to consider is organ transplant. It consists on removing a whole usable organ or a part of it from a living or cadaveric donor, to give it to a person who needs it to replace a damaged organ. This revolutionary scientific breakthrough, first successfully achieved in the early 1950s, is enormously beneficial to thousands of patients that have a particular organ failing. Kidney failure, heart failure, lung disease and cirrhosis of the liver are all conditions that can be treated effectively by a transplant. This greatest achievement of modern surgery gives people who suffer from the illness that come from the previously stated organs a chance to live longer than expected. Besides providing ill people with a new lease on life, transplants replace long, uncomfortable and sometimes painful treatments. According to Leslie Davis, a dialysis social worker â€Å"with a transplant, there is a win win situation†. She states that people spend less money, feel better and can even get back to work. So due to all that, and its relatively safeness and routines procedures, transplantation is considered to be in many cases the best treatment. Unfortunately, as Ronal Munson clarifies in his book â€Å"Raising the Dead† organ transplants do not make the illness disappear since the recipient have to take anti-rejection drugs to fight possible infections, but still it is the most reliable thing to do until something more permanent like cloning is accepted. As it was already mentioned, cloning humans for transplanting to human’s bodies is another benefit that science bestows on humans beings. Though it is not yet allowed, this process called Therapeutic Cloning could provide mankind a solution to transplant rejection and organ shortage, ensuring more comfort and lifespan extension. To perform it, scientists have to get a small tissue out from the person’s organ inside their body and clone it. In this way, the tissue becomes an organ that is the same as the original one. Subsequent to cloning, scientists transplant the cloned organ inside the patient’s body and the body hopefully will operate normally like it used to, before any damage was caused to the original organ. Scientists believe that the cloning organ operation is safer than the conventional one (where the transplanted organ comes from another person) owing to the fact that the organ might be not suitable to the recipient’s body in terms of blood type, and even a DNA or organ rejection might occur. Not only would therapeutic cloning be useful to create organs that are a perfect match for those in need of a transplant but it also would provide an unlimited source of organs to anyone who needs them. The waiting list for donated organs today is over 97,000 people. Each day about 74 people get the organ transplant that gives them a second chance, while 17 or more die waiting for a donated organ since many people do not believe that they should donate theirs to anyone after they die. By cloning healthy organ cells and putting them in the areas of the organs that have been damaged, it is believed this shortage issue would not be a problem anymore. Reprogenetics is another controversial advance in science and yet its implementation would mean a real boon to our society. It has to do with the merging of reproductive and genetic technologies that are expected to happen in a near future, such as genetically modified humans. It is highly related to cloning, and it will allow infertile couples who cannot conceive to have their own children. This process is done by putting DNA from men whom the women desire to have children with, into the women’s fetus. Furthermore, with this technology, women can also ask scientists to create their own children with certain characteristics. For instance, they can request to â€Å"design† their babies in vision and hearing, great intelligence, or even create a supermodel’s body, therefore many infertile people will be able to achieve their dream to have children with their own bodies. Besides that, it could also be possible to guarantee that they can clone a healthy baby who is free from the risks of genetic diseases. For example, diseases that are caused by genes such as, down-syndrome, diabetes, mental illness, cancer, and more could be eliminated through this process. As a result, human races will have longer expectation in life than before. Genetically modified food is another topic that can not be left aside in view of the fact that it is very advantageous to human beings. This particular kind of food is produced from genetically modified organisms that have had their genome altered through genetic engineering. This process begins by taking the DNA from one organism, and before inserting it into another organism’s genome, it is modified in a laboratory. As a result, not only are the genetically modified crops resistant to pests, but they also grow significantly faster than regular ones. In other words, it does not demand the application of chemical pesticides because the very crops are designed to resist the insect pests. In the same way, they grow outstandingly faster, ensuring more production in less time. In addition, these crops are very precise, that is to say that they demand effort to obtain the desirable product, and there are no unwanted genes. Taking that into consideration, if we reflect on current issues such as the hard weather conditions of places like Africa and the malnutrition problem in third world countries, there is no doubt that this technique carries with it the solution to those specific problems. Proponents claim that if existing crops are modified, they would grow under hostile conditions providing needed food to the inhabitants, allowing the productions to be much more successful and permitting cultivation in places where normally would not be possible to do it. In conclusion, there is no doubt that all these appealing topics mentioned above are truly beneficial to mankind because they mean a boon to our society in views of comfort and lifespan extension. They are directed to improve several aspects of people’s life, especially as regards health and nutrition of the world. On the other hand, they are also very polemic, as many controversial ideas are taken into account, such as the manipulation of human lives thanks to technology techniques, reasons why sometimes they are considered to be bane. But it is important to realize that if these scientific advances ever become a bane, is not the fault of science but our failing.

The Influence of Emotions on Organizational Change

Introduction Acceptance of change within an organization depends on the emotional state of employees and managers. The behavior, feelings and attitudes of employees within an organization are influenced by their emotions (Zerbe 2008, p. 173). It is important to highlight the interpersonal effects of emotions in order to comprehend the exact influence of emotions within an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Emotions on Organizational Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The domains of organizational behavior are very essential in understanding the effect of emotions on the performance of employees (Zerbe 2008, p. 173). Organizational behavior domains such as leadership, group decision making and customer service require emotional intelligence from the parties involved. Emotional intelligence is a very valuable attribute that all stakeholders within an organization need to possess (Ze rbe 2008, p. 174). The success or failure of an organization actually depends on the level of emotional intelligence among its employees and managers. This paper will highlight the role of emotions in the management of organizational change. Discussion Many organizations have always underestimated the effect of emotions in the day activities of an organization (Weick 1999, p. 364). In fact, the topic of emotions never featured in the past until recently when managers realized that emotions actually play a significant role in the success of an organization (Weick 1999, p. 364). Many organizations are now taking the subject of emotions very seriously after discovering its significance. Organizations believed that emotions could only be expressed at home but they forgot that employees still remained human despite being at the workplace (Weick 1999, p. 364). The corporate world is now discovering that the positive emotions of employees should not be left at home because they are crucial to the success of an organization. A recent research indicates that the productivity and creativity of employees is affected in a great way by emotions (Weick 1999, p. 366). Emotional intelligence determines the career success of an employee compared to cognitive intelligence. Although cognitive intelligence is important for an employee, research reveals that a combination of both cognitive and emotional intelligence is crucial for employees to achieve their career goals (Weick 1999, p. 366). The management of organizations has come to realize that their success depends on their ability to utilize positive emotions of employees to their organizations’ advantage (Weick 1999, p. 367).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers who have mastered the art of stimulating and sustaining positive emotions in their employees have actually been able to witness positive results ( Vince 1996, p. 17). The current market is very competitive and it is therefore necessary for organizations to come with strategies that can give them a competitive advantage. The primary sources of competitive advantage such as intellectual capital, customer service, organizational responsiveness and productivity are influenced directly by employee emotions (Vince 1996, p. 17). The creativity and knowledge of employees are very significant in the success of an organization since the modern economy is knowledge-based. Employees that are creative and knowledgeable are very receptive to organizational change compared to those who are not knowledgeable and creative (Vince 1996, p. 17). The ability of an organization to harness intellectual capital from its employees will enable it to survive in an innovation driven economy. The intellectual capital of employees should therefore be engaged and cultivated by management for the expected results to be achieved (Vince 1996, p. 18). The emoti onal state of employees determines the organization’s level of intellectual capital (Pfeffer 1981, p. 43). The intellectual functioning of employees within the organization is also affected directly by emotions. A smart and innovative workforce is a dream of many organizations and this can only be achieved through proper management of employee emotions (Pfeffer 1981, p. 43). The flexibility and originality an employee’s thinking is normally diminished by a negative emotional state. Flexibility in thinking is one of the key attributes needed in the implementation of organizational change (Pfeffer 1981, p. 43). It is the duty of management to ensure that employees remain in a positive state of mind to enhance originality and flexibility in their thinking. A dispirited workforce loses the interest to innovate and identify new opportunities (Pfeffer 1981, p. 43). Negative emotions make employees lose the energy and drive to be creative. A passionate, confident and secure w orkforce will always make wise decisions and at the same time create new solutions (Pfeffer 1981, p. 44).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence of Emotions on Organizational Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sharing of knowledge and expertise in the entire organization is very important in a knowledge driven economy (Neal 2004, p. 60). Employees in a negative emotional state are always unwilling to help and share information with others. Implementation of organizational change requires knowledge to be shared throughout the organization and if this does not happen, then organizational change implementation becomes difficult (Neal 2004, p. 60). The intellectual capital of an organization enables information to be disseminated freely. Organizations that have effective information dissemination systems experience a lot of success because implementation of organizational changes becomes much easier (Nea l 2004, p. 60). Employees who are insecure about losing their positions are normally reluctant to share knowledge with others. Employees who feel safe and valued show high levels of commitment and are always available to share their knowledge with others (Lyubomirsky, King Deiner 2005, p. 805). In order to maximize intellectual capital, management must ensure the emotional state of employees is turned from being negative to being positive. It is not possible to separate emotions from customer service because the two greatly affect each other (Lyubomirsky, King Deiner 2005, p. 805). Service workers who are demoralized and angry will definitely create a negative service climate. It is very difficult to offset a negative emotional state with training initiatives. It is the responsibility of management to ensure that service employees are motivated in order for them to deliver quality service to customers (Lyubomirsky, King Deiner 2005, p. 805). It is dangerous to have disgruntled se rvice employees because they are the ones who come in direct contact with customers (Keifer 2002, p. 44). Failure to address emotional needs of service employees has serious economic consequences since the organization is bound to lose its customers due to poor customer service. The leadership of any organization should ensure that this group of employees remains in a positive emotional state (Keifer 2002, p. 44).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is estimated that almost 68 % of customers defect from companies where the service staff treated them with an indifferent attitude. This defection figure exactly shows the amount of damage that negative emotions can to do to an organization (Keifer 2002, p. 45). The profitability of an organization is therefore dependant on the emotional state of service employees. The current market is always changing at a faster rate with organizational responsiveness being a major requirement for an organization’s sustainability (Hughes 2006, p. 52). Employees with positive emotions respond quickly to market changes. Threatened and dispirited employees will always resist change. Employees in a dispirited state will not be willing to adopt new methods and systems that are important in facilitating organizational change (Hughes 2006, p. 53). Employees who are stressed stick to outdated methods even if it is obvious that the methods and systems can not deliver the required results (Hughes 2006, p. 53). Employees with a peace of mind respond to market changes passionately. It is therefore true to say that the ability of an organization to respond to market changes and demands depends on the emotional state of its workforce (Hatfield, Cacioppo Rapson 1994, p. 28). Employee retention and attraction is another domain of organizational behavior that is influenced to a great extent by employee emotions (Hatfield, Cacioppo Rapson 1994, p. 28). Employees who are happy and motivated will always want to stay with the organization (Hartel 2006, p. 77). An organization that treats its employees well by taking care of their physical and emotional needs will always attract the best talents in the market. The productivity of employees will definitely rise if they are excited and proud of their workplace (Hartel 2006, p. 77). It is difficult for depressed employees to give out their maximum output. Organizations should provide the best working conditions for its employees in order to get the best out of them (Finlay 2000, p. 68). It takes a lot of effort and resources to motivate and satisfy a disgruntled workforce. The other advantage of having a happy and motivated workforce is the reduction in the turnover cost (Finlay 2000, p. 68). Employees who are happy will always save the organization from unnecessary costs (Finlay 2000, p. 68). A positive emotional state gives employees the energy to work hard because they will be happy with their work and the organization in general (Finlay 2000, p. 68). An atmosphere of positivity enhances positive results and success in an organization (Erick Yvonne 2008, p. 10). It is argued that a leader’s positive emotions are the most transferrable. The other way through which positive emotions can be enhanced in an organization is by creating chains of events that carry positive meanings for others (Burnes 2004, p. 113). Social and psychological experiments have shown that employees with positive emotions are more he lpful than those with neutral emotional states. Organizational field studies indicate that sales people who experience more positive emotions at work are more helpful to their customers (Burnes 2004, p. 113). The field research also revealed that sales people who exhibit positive emotions tend to attract more customers and in the process making a lot of sales. The reason for this argument is that sales people with positive emotions tend to be more creative, flexible and emphatic (Burnes 2004, p. 113). This argument shows that being helpful not only develops from having positive emotions but it also produces positive emotions in others. An individual who is helpful to others tends to have a feeling of joy and pride when he or she realizes that their positivity influence the people they interact with (Beer 2000, p. 66). Positive emotions enables a person to help others and at the same time fuel motivation that can help both presently and in the future (Beer 2000, p. 66). Witnessing an d hearing about helpful acts can make employees to experience positive emotions. Onlookers experience the positive emotion of elevation. The tendency sparked by elevation is a general desire to become a better person by performing helpful acts (Beer 2000, p. 66). Elevated employees do not simply mimic the helpful acts witnessed but creatively consider a wide range of helpful acts. The positive emotion of elevation gives employees the desire to be better for the sake of the organization (Barbara 1998). The employees who experience helpful acts tend to experience elevation and its beneficial repercussions. There is always a high probability that an employee who witnesses and experiences good deeds will definitely be influenced to start helping others (Barbara 1998). The elevation cycle can transform an organization into a more benevolent and coordinated place to be (Ashforth Humphrey 1995, p. 99). Positive emotions expand through organizations, members and customers. Positive emotion s produce meaningful relationships among employees and in the process preventing conflicts in the workplace (Ashforth Humphrey 1995, p. 99). Facial expressions and mimicry can not be seen as ways of determining whether a person has positive emotions or not. Positive emotions are developed from within and their expression should be sincere without any form of pretence (Ashforth Humphrey 1995, p. 99). The way an individual behaves in relation to positive emotions is understood and translated by the other individuals that they come cross (Alice 2008). The emotional state of managers plays a critical role in the success or failure of an organization. As mentioned earlier, leaders who display positive emotions have a great influence on the behavior and attitudes of other employees within the organization (Alice 2008). It is therefore true to say that positive emotions in an organization are linked to the managers. A manager with an attribute of positive emotions is able to transmit thi s trait to employees. The level of control and support towards employees is determined by this trait (Alice 2008). Positive emotions determine how employees deal with various situations within the organization. This development is highly dependant on the leadership traits or skills that managers within an organization possess (Alice 2008). Leadership is a process of symbolic management that involves creating and maintaining shared meanings among followers. The organization leadership should always evoke positive emotions in the workplace through the use of symbols (Finlay 2000, p. 69). Symbols are known to bring both interactive and emotional responses. Symbol elaboration by managers evokes emotions in an organization. Moreover, managers engage in communication of symbols that are specifically designed to make their employees feel better (Finlay 2000, p. 69). Employees are normally strengthened when they feel better about themselves. Resistance to change is a common thing in many or ganizations and it is the responsibility of managers to emphasize the importance of change as early as possible to prepare the employees psychologically for organizational change (Finlay 2000, p. 69). Managers give employees a sense of trust and understanding by preparing them psychologically for change. This approach enables employees adapt to change as quickly as possible and at the same time making them deal with situations more positively (Vince 1996, p. 20). It is important for managers to adopt the theory of positive emotions in order to influence organizational change. The behavior and attitudes of managers and employees has to change first before organizational change takes place (Vince 1996, p. 20). Managers should always be willing to influence positive emotions among employees because anything good or bad begins from the top (Vince 1996, p. 20). The emotions of managers can be transferred easily to employees and this actually determines how employees relate with one anoth er. The positive emotions of managers encourage creativity in the organization which subsequently improves the level of success in the organization (Vince 1996, p. 20). The emotions displayed by leaders are a critical determinant of their relationship with group members and their ability to communicate emotionally evocative symbols (Beer 2000, p. 66). Managers who are emotionally positive enhance organizational creativity performance by facilitating group cohesion. It is important for positive emotions to be built and sustained in the entire organization through a healthy emotional climate (Beer 2000, p. 66). Organizational policies and values are normally misinterpreted in the context of face to face interactions. Managers can identify cues of real and felt emotions among employees. The managers also have the ability to identify positive emotional indicators of employees who are motivated towards achieving personal and organizational goals (Beer 2000, p. 66). It is a difficult job for management to determine the emotional state of all employees at the same time (Keifer 2002, p. 60). Despite this difficulty, managers need to be aware of their organizational climate all the times. Negative feelings about change can only be improved if managers are aware of their organizational climate (Keifer 2002, p. 60). Negative feelings can have devastating effects on the performance of an organization. Leaders must have the ability to arouse motivation by appealing to human needs for achievement, affiliation and power (Keifer 2002, p. 60). A good organizational climate decreases the cost of turnover and the resistance of employees to change. A great organizational climate also improves the quality, creativity and acceptance of risks which make customers to be loyal (Neal 2004, p. 72). The mood and behavior of a leader within an organization have a great influence on the organization’s performance (Neal 2004, p. 72). There is a powerful chain reaction between a manag ers’ mood and behaviors which drive up the mood of everyone else within the organization (Neal 2004, p. 72). Managers with high emotional intelligence can create an environment where loyal, intelligent and positive minded employees strive towards achieving organizational goals (Neal 2004, p. 72). Conclusion The primary sources of competitive advantage are enhanced by employees with positive emotional states (Zerbe 2008, p. 175). It is also evident from the discussion in this paper that managers with positive emotions can influence the same in many areas of the organization (Zerbe 2008, p. 175). Employees that work in an organization with a positive climate work in persistent and strong groups where positive emotions are transferred from leaders to all the members within the group (Zerbe 2008, p. 175). Positive organizational behavior results in creativity, success and the ability of an organization to deal with emerging changes in the market (Hatch 2006, p. 40). Managers shou ld therefore pay more attention on the positive aspects of the organization and focus less on the negative aspects (Hatch 2006, p. 40). This enables employees to feel motivated and therefore leading to growth and development within the organization (Hatch 2006, p. 40). The ability of an organization to deal with the changes that occur in the market makes it more competitive. Bibliography Alice, B 2008, Positivity by Barbara Fredrickson. Web. Ashforth, B. E. Humphrey, R 1995, Emotion in the workplace: A reappraisal. Human  Relations, Vol. 48, pp. 97-125. Barbara L 1998, Positive emotions and upward spirals in organizations. Web. Beer, M 2000, Breaking the code of change, Harvard Business Press, London. Burnes, B 2004, Managing change, Pearson Education UK, London. Eric F. Yvonne R 2008, Leading strategic change, Bridging Theory and Practice, Vol. 1, no.1, pp. 9-10. Finlay, P 2000, Strategic management, Prentice Hall, London. Hartel, C 2006, Emotions in organizational behavior, Ro utledge, New York, NY. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J., Rapson, R l994, Emotional contagion, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. Hatch, M 2006, Organization theory, Oxford University Press, London. Hughes, M 2006, Change Management: A critical perspective, CIPD, New York, NY. Keifer, T 2002, Understanding the emotional experience of organizational change: Evidence from a merger, Advances in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 4, no.1, pp. 39-61. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. Deiner, E 2005, The benefits of frequent positive effect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 131, pp. 803-855. Neal, M 2004, Positive emotions in organizations, A multi-level framework, Vol. 1, no.1, pp. 57-73. Pfeffer, J 1981, Management as symbolic action: The creation and maintenance of organizational paradigms. Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 3, pp. 1-52. Vince, R 1996, Paradox, defense, and attachment: Accessing and working with emotions and relations underlying organizationa l change, Organizational change, Vol. 17, no.1, pp. 1-21. Weick, K 1999, Organizational change and development, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 50, no.1, pp. 361-386. Zerbe, W 2008, Emotions, ethics and decision making, Emerald Group Publishing, New York, NY. This essay on The Influence of Emotions on Organizational Change was written and submitted by user Crystal Carson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

10X Marketing Formula Book Launch - #OverheardAtCoSchedule

10X Marketing Formula Book Launch The 10X Marketing Formula  is finally here! If you’ve been following for the past few months, you might know it’s our CEO and co-founder Garrett Moon’s new book. It explains how grew from zero to over 8,000 customers in less than four years by pushing back on conventional marketing wisdom. Best of all, it shows how you can do the same. This isn’t just another marketing book, though. It’s packed with actionable advice that actually works, sharing the same strategies we implement every day at . You’ll learn all about: What should marketers do when content marketing doesn’t work? What is competition-free content, and how can a blue ocean strategy drive results? And above all, how can marketers push past work that drives 10% improvements, and focus on projects that drive 10X results? On this episode of Overheard At , we’re getting Garrett’s insights into what The 10X Marketing Formula  is all about. This marks a major milestone for all of us here, and we can’t wait to hear your thoughts on the book.

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The Impact of Technology on Society Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Technology on Society Essay The contemporary society is characterized by its intensive use of technology in all walks of life. Technology is indeed a broad concept dealing with species usage, knowledge of tools and crafts, as well as the manner in which it influences a species capacity to control its environment and adapt to it. It has aptly been termed globalization’s handmaid (World Economic Forum, 2007). Advances in communication, entertainment, medical treatments and warfare reach the airwaves as technocrats develop faster, more effective technology. Communication is faster, tasks require far fewer steps to complete thus saving time, and it is possible to relive certain experiences just by pushing a button. History has demonstrated that whenever inventions are introduced to a particular society, the society necessarily changes (Arbab, 2008). These changes may be positive or negative, depending on preexisting societal norms, beliefs and cultural practices. This is the crux of the ensuing discussion, with a bias on the world of entertainment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to a study conducted by Forrester Research in the year 2000, the average American dedicates seven hours of their day watching television (Shoff, n.d.). Television is essentially a form of passive entertainment, taking out viewers’ cognitive capacity; everything is processed right in front of their eyes and there is no brain power involved (Borruso, 2005). Herein lies the big debate on the impact of television on children’s development. Their social skills are sacrificed in favor of passive entertainment. They lose out on other useful skills learned only through play and the urge to quench the innate curiosity of a child. Studies on the link between television and obesity indicate the debilitating impact of this form of entertainment on health. The stage from childhood to adolescence and early adulthood demands a high degree of self discovery. It allows individuals the opportunity to determine their talents, strengths and weaknesses. If seven hours are spent in front of the television and anther seven to eight asleep, there is hardly any time left for development. Despite the technological adroitness today’s generation possesses, they do not read, write, dive or add well. Cyber-world appears as a cocoon with these individuals focusing on entertainment.   They ignore key issues affecting mankind, their mental agility, street smarts and intelligence notwithstanding (Bauerlein, 2008). The influence of technology on entertainment has greatly fuelled the fire on instant gratification. It is possible to skip through commercials using applications like TiVo as well as select specific videos via Video on-Demand (VOD). In addition to this, cases of piracy are commonplace. With the technology available today, it is easy to compress large volumes of data and transfer it online. The one-to-many and many-to-many mode of transfer significantly exacerbates the problem of piracy. Should legal redress be sought, which elements of the distribution chain will be found culpable? In addition to this, entertainment material is fresh and plentiful, covering all imaginable genres. People are well aware of copyright laws, but conscientiously ignore them. The impulse-search-satisfaction route is the unstoppable driving force. This goes hand in hand with the ease of access attached to the Internet. Entertainment material is accessible at home, at work and on the road; practically everywhere. Many employees misuse their employers’ resources not only via quenching their thirst for entertainment, but also by misusing bandwidth in downloading extraneous material. This has been the subject of various IT-related policies with section of the public questioning an employer’s right to track employee computer usage. It boils down to the elements of ethics and codes of conduct. The discussion of technology and entertainment cannot be complete without a mention of the iPod. With respect to music, iPods makes shellac discs, vinyl records, video cassettes and compact discs appear as elements reminiscent of the Stone Age. However, these personalized digital players have created the effect of isolating individuals from the rest of the world behind white ear buds. The need to purchase entire albums died with the advent of the iTunes store as peoples could download only the desired tracks (A Technology Society, 2009). As with the every aspect of accessibility comes the question of blue movies. It seems that the billion dollar pornography industry found an efficient channel through the iPod. The Western society’s increasing tolerance of sexuality lays a foundation for pornography to find its way to mainstream media. This issue must necessarily be addressed, considering that in the United States alone, the adult entertainment industry was responsible for the generation of $2.5 billion dollars in 2004. In the month of August that year, 40% of all Internet users visit at least one adult site and 3% of all Internet traffic involved adult sites. Taking the hit rate statistics presented in the preceding paragraph, more so in relation to the speed of technological development, it will become much harder to censor pornographic content. Alex McKay, a Sex Information and Education Council of Canada research coordinator, all attempts at censorship have proved futile (Denomme, 2005). People may argue that adults have the prerogative to get involved whatever type of entertainment they please, but what about young innocent minds in their formative years? It is the society’s moral duty to guarantee proper formation of the youth. A concerned parent vocalized his opinion saying that the mass media of the day is making deliberate attempts to collapse the traditional, liberty, decency, social values that shaped America’s course (McLuhan, n.d.). He takes the argument back to the media bent on selling sensationalism. People cannot afford to ignore that when ethics and professional responsibility are categorically replaced with the yen to secure the greatest amount of advertising dollars, it is members of the public that suffer (McLuhan, n.d.). There is no question about the power the media wields over people via movies and programs. This power must necessarily be harnessed for the right purpose. The impact of technology on entertainment and society is powerful to say the least. The discussion presented indicates the need to establish strict codes of conduct, operating policies, as well as the legal implications of flouting stated procedures. Technology, in response to entertainment or otherwise, is a double edged-sword; it can either contribute to the greater good of society or lead to substantive destruction. This is where the importance of the development of well-laid out ethical standards comes in.   They serve as universal checks and balances with respect to technological operating procedures. Regardless of how powerful technology becomes, it must remain under the class of ‘aids’; human relationships must always rank higher in priority. References: A Technology Society. (2009). Has the iPod changed music? Retrieved April 3rd, 2009, from http://www.atechnologysociety.co.uk/has-ipod-changed-music.html Arbab, A. (2008, January 19). Impact of technology on society. Retrieved April 2nd,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2009, from http://www.ideasdesk.com/2008/01/19/impact-of-technology-on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   society/ Bauerlein, M. (2008). The dumbest generation: how the digital age stupefies young  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Americans and jeopardizes our future (or, dont trust anyone under 30). Tarcher. Borruso, S. (2005). The art of thinking – chats on logic. Paulines. Denomme, I. (2005). Video iPod a boon for porn lovers: ‘Negligible’ impact on  Ã‚  Ã‚   society, researcher predicts. Retrieved April 3rd, 2009, from  Ã‚   http://www.gazette.uwo.ca/article.cfm?section=FrontPagearticleID=462 McLuhan, M. (n.d.), Impact of computing technology on education and entertainment.  Ã‚   Retrieved April 4th, 2009, from http://pangea.tec.selu.edu/~hgildig/660695/mcluhan.pdf World Economic Forum. (2007). Technology and society: identity, community and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   networks. Retrieved on April 3rd, 2009, from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.weforum.org/pdf/summitreports/am2007/technology.htm

Hywel Dda :: Essays Papers

Hywel Dda King of Wales Davies 1990; Walker 1990 By 950 A.D., Dinefwr was the principal court from which Hywel Dda, "The Good," (depicted in a 13th-century manuscript at right), ruled a large part of Wales including the southwest area known as Deheubarth. His great achievement was to create the country's first uniform legal system. Hywel shared with his brothers lands in Ceredigon and Ystrad Tywi after the death of their father, Cadell, about 909. He united their inheritance in 920, and acquired Gwynedd after the death of Idwal Foel in 942. He married Elen, daughter of Llywarch of Dyfed, and on Llywarch's death in 904 he took over the southern kingdom. In the perspective of the Dark Ages he was a powerful prince, and it may be that later generations borrowed his personal authority to buttress their own power. Like his grandfather, Rhodri the Great, Hywel was given an epithet by a later generation. He became known as Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good), although it would be wrong to consider that goodness to be innocent and unblemished. In the age of Hywel, the essential attribute of a state builder was ruthlessness, an attribute which Hywel possessed, if it is true that it was he who ordered the killing of Llywarch of Dyfed, as some have claimed. Although contemporary evidence is lacking, there is no reason to reject the tradition that Hywel was responsible for some of the consolidation of the Laws of Wales. Among Hywel's contemporaries there were rulers who won fame as law-givers. The law was Hywel's law, cyfraith Hywel; his name gave to the law an authority comparable with that given to the laws of Mercia by King Offa or the laws of Wessex (and a larger area of England) by King Alfred. He almost certainly knew of them; he was a regular visitor to the English court and in 928, when in the flower of his manhood, he went on pilgrimage to Rome. In later centuries it was claimed that he took copies of his laws to Rome, where they were blessed by the Pope. Tradition also provided details of the circumstances under which the laws were compiled and promulgated. It was probably the need to give cohesion to his different territories that prompted Hywel to codify the law. He was also successful in defending his territories, for there is no record that they were ravaged by the Vikings during his reign.

Describe the military tactics used by both the Vietcong and USA in Vietnam in the 1960s

During the Vietnam War strategies and tactics became the main foundation of the battles. There were many ways both sides fought, and also many changes the way they fought. The American's first tactics consisted of various methods of war. One method they used to help them win the war was to control the skies, this meant watching over their battle ground, which was in the county side, and bombing suspected hiding places in which they thought that the Vietcong were hiding. This was called Operation Rolling Thunder. The operation was a costly failure that wasted a lot of time as it lasted 3 years as opposed to the original 8 weeks stated. It was also expensive because of the cost of the bombs. This waste of money had to be paid by American citizens who were generally not too happy. Another tactic the Americans tried to use was to try and re-educate the South Vietnamese people. The main purpose of this re-education was to stop the South Vietnamese from helping the Vietcong forces in such ways as a hiding place or giving them food supplies. Although this method was effective, it did not manage to for fill its main idea. So for a quick to their problems, they used the Strategic Hamlets Policy, which forced the South Vietnamese to be moved, and South Vietnamese leader Diem also demanded that they had to pay for their movement. This caused commotion amongst the South Vietnamese people. The Americans tried to use their more advanced technology to their advantage by using advanced weapons such as M60 machine guns, MP40 sub-machine guns and B52 Bomber aircraft (That was used in Operation Rolling Thunder) Americans also used Zippo raids named after a common American cigarette lighter. During these raids the US forces, set fire to the homes of farmers and other peasants. A way in which the US forces tried to get the Vietcong forces from internally was to put Agent Orange into their water supply. This caused many cruel diseases, deformities and deaths. It also affected the ability for innocent farmers to grow crops. The affect of Agent Orange still lasts today as some deformities are said to have been caused by the same thing. The Vietcong on the other hand had a different and more basic form of warfare. They used such things as tripwires and bouncing betties to badly injure the US troops. Although basic, they were extremely effective as many people fell for them. One of the most effective tactics in the war was guerrilla warfare. This was groups of Vietcong troops ambushing a small group of American soldiers. This was their main tactic during the whole war as they did not have as much sheer power as the US. They used the jungle to their advantage and laid mines and booby traps to injure the American soldiers. This made the US troops more fearful when they went out searching for the NLF A more psychological tactic that the Vietcong used was their morale. The Vietcong had far more morale than the US soldiers meaning they were more willing to take risks and die if it was necessary. Their main display of morale was at the battle of La Drang in 1965 in which they conceded many deaths but they did they did not let it get them down, which was almost the opposite of what the Americans were like. This tactic helped them though out the whole war. Chi Chi tunnels was the main survival tactic the Vietcong used. They supplied shelter from attacks, a place to store food, water, weapons and even to navigate through their battlefield. The Vietcong also had support from other communist countries such as Russia who provided them with SAM missiles which were used to take down aircraft. This helped decrease the amount of bombs dropped from the air. Both sides of the War changed tactics around the late 1960s meaning that the War could go both ways at that point depending on whether the countries tactics changed for the better. A new tactics that the Americans used was to try and cut of the Ho Chi Minh trail as it was the method the Vietcong were using to get their supplies. It was a failure as the trail had so many different routes. The My Lai massacre was also a strategy that they thought would take down many NLF troops, but instead they caused commotion amongst both the US and the Vietcong as most people just thought of it as a disgusting and cruel massacre of helpless and innocent peasants. This along with the Tet offensive, A surprise attack from the NLF, was making the War now seem in favour of the Vietcong as the citizens of America were now angry about the fact that America had gotten into a War that they were both losing and murdering innocent people. Former well respected news reader stated that the war could not be won, and as he was well respected, it brought down many hopes of a communism free Vietnam. For the Vietcong on the other hand, their morale seemed to increase and also they seemed to be dealing some serious damage to the image and troops of America. The Tet offensive was an attack on the Vietnamese New year on June 8th 1968 that was meant to have no combat during that time. This tactic paid off and caused heavy casualties for the Americans. The Vietcong also used a Saigon suicide squad to mostly damage hopes of winning rather than cause physical damage, although it did cause a lot of casualties. Both sides had their ups and downs in tactics, but the determination, morale and thought of improvement caused the Vietcong to be victorious over the Americans. Their victory was down to many factors of war. One reason was because the Americans did not take the Vietcong seriously and thought that it was a battle that would be easily one with sheer power. They were wrong. The way the NLF changed tactics after learning that they could not face America head on at La Drang is an improvement that maybe won them the battle. But overall, it seems that it was what they were fighting for that made the largest difference between the two sides. America fighting to prevent communism spreading, and the Vietcong fighting for their freedom.

Venus de Willendorf vs. Barbie

Venus de Willendorf is a statuette that first appeared during the Upper Paleolithic period. The exaggerated carvings of the body parts were how the artists of that time viewed women, fat and fertile. History often takes from the past to reinvent the future. Today’s society has the Barbie doll. Ruth Handler created it in 1959. Its long legs and slim figure has been worship by so many, that real women have undergone intense cosmetic surgeries to resemble the doll. Both figurines have gained notoriety based on the representation of women of their era, displayed their own meaning of beauty and cultures’ perception of it. Venus de Willendorf Venus de Willendorf, also known as the Woman of Willendorf, is a type of art statuette that was discovered sum 25,000 years ago. It was discovered in 1908 by the banks of the Danube River near the town of Willendorf in Austria during diggings led by Josef Szombathy. The statuette was carved from a rare oolitic (stone eggs) limestone using a flint tool. This particular type of stone was not available in the area it was located in, thus concluding the statuette was not created locally. Standing 4 3/8 inches (11. 1 centimeters) tall, the figurine is noticeably rounded. It displays obese and voluptuous women’s body parts. It has large pendulous breast as well as a large middle section, thighs, and a pronounced posterior. Her arms are thin and rested high on her breast. There is a braided pattern around the top of the head. Some archeologists identify it as the hair while others say it is a woven hat. The vulva is very detailed, which led scholars to believe the original sculptor had some knowledge about human anatomy. The statuette does not have feet, so it cannot stand on its own. In addition, it does not have facial features, which is consistent with others figures from that era there were found. The large breasts and abdomen along with the detailed nature of the vulva have caused people to believe the Venus is indeed a fertility symbol. The people who carved this statuette lived in a stone-age environment. Fatness and fertility was highly desirable during that time. The Venus was said to have a structure of sexually charged swollen shapes, an epitome of abundant fertility and of eternal sex. She was the woman of all women. For Paleolithic people, accentuating the parts that dealt with reproduction mattered most in the figurines, which is why the breasts and pelvic area were exaggerated most, unlike the buttocks. The artist’s goal was to draw the most attention to those parts. During this era, food was scare so obesity was unlikely. This led artists to believe the sculptor worked from a model, creating a body worth ritualization. Mattel ® Barbie Over the years, Barbie, or Barbie doll, has become a household name for many American families, as well as throughout the world. So, where the idea of Barbie derive? While watching her young daughter play with paper dolls, Ruth Handler noticed she was using her infant like dolls to play adult roles. She shared the idea of creating an adult doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of Mattel, who was less than impressed. After coming across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli during her stay in Europe, Handler was determined to make her idea a reality. In March 1959, Barbie, named after Handler’s daughter, Barbara, was born. Barbie stands a slender 11 ? tall, with long legs, perky breasts, high buttocks, flat stomach, barely there hips, and thighs, displaying an exaggerated hourglass figure. She has long thin arms and her feet are created for wearing high heels. She has long flowing hair with a slender face, long neck, high cheekbone, slanted big blue eyes, and comes wearing make-up. There has been much criticism over Barbie’s size. If her measurements were created in human form, the woman would be 5 feet, 9 inches, measuring 36-18-33, a figure impossible to have or achieve naturally. This known fact created a lot of controversy amongst consumers and anorexia groups. Studies show the average size of an American woman is a size 14, the exact opposite of Barbie. Barbie displays the â€Å"ideal† look of modern culture. Paleolithic Culture vs. Modern Culture. The Paleolithic era is the earliest period of human development that began roughly 2 million years ago. There are three successive divisions of the Paleolithic era: Lower, Middle, and Upper. The most notable feature of that time was evolution of the human species, which went from looking like an ape to more humanlike features, which was a very slow process. The Upper Paleolithic era is known for its increased creations of art and ornaments. One of the most famous Venus figurines to come from that era was the Venus of Willendorf. Barbie has allowed little girls to be more feminine and display etiquette. While some consumers see this as a great thing, naysayers believe it hinders, causing them not to want to play outside, get dirty, and depend on men to do the hard work. At the same time, Barbie has displayed women can have any kind of job. She has more than eighty jobs. In addition to being a model and fashion designer, Career Barbie has been a veterinarian, firefighter, astronaut, nurse, and politician. Because Barbie comes with so many accessories, parents believe it may give little girls a shallow mindset that materialistic items are what matter most. During the Paleolithic culture, men were the workers and women took care of home. Barbie has over eighty jobs, thus showing gender equality among careers. In today’s world, women make up a larger percent of employed individuals. Although the figurines display very different characteristics, both are considered beautiful and desirable within their respective cultures. The Venus was a representation of the women of their time and Barbie is a representation of the ideal woman, according to critics. The main differences between both figurines are their sizes and the eras they were discovered or created. The Venus is naked, much like the women of the Stone Age while Barbie comes with hundreds of accessories and clothes. In Often times, history repeats itself and it shows in the creations of these statuettes. Effects on how Society Views Women The Venus de Willendorf as always maintain her size and exaggerated features, for the meaning behind them is unparalleled. Throughout the decades, Barbie has evolved, taking on a more diverse look to appeal to different nationalities, such Native American, African American, Hispanic, Oriental, and more. While the color and some facial features are altered to resemble the people of each ethnicity, one thing has remained the same and that is her unrealistic size. Theories about the usability of the Venus figurines were said to involve religion while other observers saw it as a sex toy for men. As for Barbie, she has always been the definition of beauty, what little girls and some adult women aspire to look like. In today’s culture, thinner women are considered better looking than full-figured women, thus creating a void between women because of their sizes. This has been an ongoing stereotype for quite some time. It has even led to bullying throughout our schools. Critiques feel instead of displaying Barbie in the thinnest form, she should be created in different sizes, showing that beauty does not define your size. Conclusion The Venue of Willendorf, commonly known to some as Nude Woman, is on display at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna. She sits in a glass case and the only thing that allows it to show is the light illuminated from above. The case is places within what looks to be a resemblance of a temple that reads, Venus von Willendorf. Despite the controversies surrounding the perception of Barbie, it continues to be the world’s bestselling doll. The collection of Barbie includes Vintage Barbie, Pop Culture Barbie, Holiday Barbie, Malibu Barbie, and the list goes on. Barbie’s appearance has changed over the years, with the exception of her body shape, of course. It is how we identify her. The same goes for the Venus and her exaggerated curves. Both figures had played a pivotal role in how people of their time view a beautiful woman. Beauty comes in all shapes, sizes, and colors. The sooner we accept this notion, the more we can build up confidence in little girls who will someone day grow to become women.ReferencesGerber, R. (2009). Barbie and Ruth: The Story of the World's Most Famous Doll and the Woman Who Created Her. HarperCollins. McElvaine, R. S. (2000). Eve's Seed: Biology, the Sexes, and the Course of History. McGraw-Hill. Rogers, M. F. (1999). Barbie Culture. SAGE Publications.Sayre, Henry M. (2012). Discovering the Humanities, 3rd Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions. Enger, Crissi. (n.d.). Types of Barbie. eH ow. Retrieved April 11, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/facts_5491736_types-barbie.html Witcombe, Christopher. (n.d.).The Venus of Willendorf. Art History Resources. Retrieved from March 12, 2013 from http://arthistoryresources.net/willendorf/willendorfwoman.html

Investigatory Project Essay Example

Investigatory Project Essay Example Investigatory Project Essay Investigatory Project Essay Natural Mosquito Repellant A Science Research Project In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in Science And Technology I Melvin T. Magsayo March 2012 ABSTRACT This research entitled NATURAL MOSQUITO REPELLANT conducted by KAYE ANGELLIE C. NAPIGKIT of Lanao Chung Hua School. One problem of today especially with regards to health is the disease caused by mosquito. Mosquitoes are a family of small, midge-like flies, the Culicidae. It is said to be the most dangerous species on earth. It carries virus that can cause malaria and dengue. Dengue is transmitted by everal species of mosquito within the genus Aedes. And to get rid of this species, Splash Corporation invented of a mosquito repellent (Off Lotion) to drive away mosquito. The researcher would like to come up with an alternative repellent that is as effective as off lotion or better in a natural way. Moreover, the researcher also with this, the researcher investigated which between off lotion and the researchers experiment is better in driving away mosquitoes. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the Study Mosquitoes have complex methods of detecting hosts and different types of osquitoes react to different stimuli. Most mosquitoes are active at down and dusk, but there are also mosquitoes that seek hosts during the day. To avoid being bitten, make sure that you arent attracting mosquitoes, using attractants to lure mosquitoes elsewhere, using repellent and avoiding act, ions that diminish the effectiveness of the repellent. Garlic is an important medicinal herb that is readily available everywhere, unlike some of the other herbs. Garlic does indeed have scientifically- proven medicinal properties. It contains a substance called Allicin, which has anti- acterial properties that are equivalent to weak penicillin. It appears that cooked garlic weakens the anti-bacterial effects considerably. Garlic is sometimes used for athletes Foot, ear infections, HIV support, vaginitis and yeast infection, with less supportive data. Garlic is considered a topical antibiotic, but it is unclear if garlic possesses any antibiotic activity when taken internally. Scope and Limitation This study will be conducted in the residence of the researcher. The subject of this study is to test the effectiveness of garlic as a natural mosquito repellant. The garlic hat will be used for this study will be taken from the researchers residence. Objective of the Study This study seeks the effectiveness of Garlic as a natural mosquito repellant. Specially this intends to: 1. Know how effective is the garlic as a mosquito repellant 2. Suggest to people a garlic as a mosquito repellant Culicidae a family of slender, Orthorrhaphous dipteran insects in the series having long legs and piercing mouthparts. Stimuli a detectable Nematocera change in the internal or external environment. Foliage an ornamental presentation of leaves, stems, and flowers, especially in architecture. Lactic Acid is a chemical compound that plays a role in various biochemical processes. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Gathering of Materials These are the things needed in making the Natural Mosquito Repellant, First is the Garlic that can be found in the market. Second is the oil that can be found also in the market. Third is the small bowl that can be found in the researchers residence. Fourth is the Pyrex Ware that can be found also in the researchers residence. Preparing the Materials and Equipment Smashing the Garlic, Washing the small bowl and Pyrex Ware, Boiling the water. Making the Garlic Oil First smashed the garlic. Second put the smashed garlic into a small bowl with oil. Third pour some hot water in the Pyrex ware and place the small bowl. Fourth wait RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results Mosquito Repellents Implications Off Lotion The mosquito repellent was effective. There were mosquitoes but less than mosquitoes without Off lotion. Garlic Oil There were still mosquitoes but fewer than those with off lotion. Discussion The first row shows that using off lotion is effective mosquito repellent rather than not applying off lotion. But compared to Garlic oil mosquito repellent, there were still mosquitoes but fewer compared to those with off lotion. Between the two repellents, garlic oil mosquito repellent is much effective than off lotion. SUMMARY had many mosquitoes, while the water with Garlic Oil had fewer mosquitoes. RECOMMENDATION The Garlic Oil is recommended because it protects us from malaria and dengue. This mosquito repellent is effective because there would be less mosquito bites. It is not expensive because the materials that can be used in making the mosquito repellent can be found at home.

Ethical Issues in Business Management and Business Technology Essay

Ethical Issues in Business Management and Business Technology - Essay Example A strong sense of ethics is mandatory and the clients and the regulatory firms expect strong ethical standards all the time from these professionals. Some of these professions are medicine, law, clergy, teachers and military. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ethical standards of professions in which ethics is a top priority in the work being performed. In the medical industry ethics is extremely important. The clients or patients hire doctors when they are most vulnerable physically or emotionally. The doctor is a professional that in order to evaluate its patients must ask very intimate questions and realize physical examinations of a person’s body. The doctor is a person the patients trust. The information given to the doctor is completely confidential. The doctor can not reveal this information to any outside parties ever. The close relationship between the patient and the doctor can only be maintain by the professional applying a strict code of ethics in the professional’s dealing with patients. The list below provides a basic guideline of the types of ethical standards and ethical matters the doctors faces on a daily basis in the medicine profession: There are other aspects of the medical profession which require a strong sense of ethics. Many times doctors received samples from pharmaceutical companies and medical propagandist for free. During these exchanges a doctor may be persuaded and offered different monetary or non-monetary incentives such as access to a certain gulf club so that the doctor may consider prescribing a particular type brand of medicine to their patients. The doctor should never let any personal perks affect his medical criteria when dealing with patient care. Another situation in which ethics affect the criteria of doctor involves the doctors dealing’s with restrictions imposed by medical plans. An interesting case is the medical system of the commonwealth of Puerto

Religion in the public sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religion in the public sector - Essay Example Therefore, the key question that the author seeks to answer is what religion offers to an organizational motivation, decision-making, and performance. Lawyer Stephen Carcer explains that the morality of a person depends on the person’s religious and spiritual tendencies. Contrary to his beliefs, Michael Lerner argues that spirituality is critical in self-realization and self-learning, that is necessary for the private and professional lives of individuals. These authors however, concur with the logic that institutionalization of spirituality is impossible without defying certain religious focus and locus. They insist that spirituality of an institution solely depends on the collective sacrifice. Moreover, the most important information in this article is spirituality is not exclusively confined or tied to the individual’s religious faith. The Supreme Being, which is the idol in religion, is central in the understanding of spirituality, but spirituality in itself goes far beyond this Supreme Being. The author argues that spirituality is a journey, in which an individual examines his /her life, determines its purpose and meaning, establishes the absolute effect that his/ her life has on the environment, which includes the organization. Therefore, this information is fundamental in distinguishing spirituality as individualistic, whereas religion is institutionalized (Houston & Cartwright, 2007). The key concepts that are required to understand this article are the forms of spiritual and religious expressions that re legally acceptable and politically permissible in the public workplace. The understanding of this article needs the articulate understanding of the rights of individuals as enshrined in the constitution, which outlines the privileges of the employer as well as those of the employee. This further requires the familiarity of the difference between the public and private sectors, with the additional scrutiny that