Heroic Characters in The Lord of the Rings Saga Essay

Throughout literary history, heroes are usually described as being good looking and tall. People who are categorized as heroes need to have a distinguished courage and heroes are often rewarded for their courageous and noble acts. A hero needs to be liked by the inhabitants of his or her country because he or she committed a heroic act such saving a child who has fallen into a well. In many books, the character with all of the heroic qualities is often the main character. Although some characters from the Lord of the Rings saga perfectly fit this description like Aragorn and Boromir, most heroic characters in this novel are quite unlikely. Frodo and his friends are unusual creatures called Halfling, more popularly called Hobbits. Before†¦show more content†¦After having smoked and enjoyed the beautiful scenery of the shire, they go back inside for a second breakfast. Their relaxed habits and loose physical shapes make them unlikely for an adventure of such stature. It is qu ite obvious that Hobbits are quiet, relaxed and clam people which makes the reader wonder â€Å"how?† and â€Å"why?† a Hobbit would participate in such journey. Well, for all of the things that Frodo, Sam, Merry and Pippin have been through, any reader can see that these Hobbits have good spirits, great courage and strength. Frodo was not like Bilbo he did not want to go on an adventure, he really wanted to stay home. But since Gandalf was one of Frodo’s good friends, Frodo decided to take the ring for Gandalf even though he knew of its perils. Throughout the novel, Frodo shows an immense sense of courage. For instance, when the kings of death, Nazgul, were following Frodo and his friends, Frodo knew that he was outnumbered and physically outmatched, but he still kept on going. Also, one of Frodo’s best friends—and also his gardener—was Samwise Gamgee. Samwise was a strange and funny Hobbit and the son of the old Gaffer. Since Sam was a gar dener for Frodo he was often around the house. One day, Sam overheard a conversation between Gandalf and Frodo. They were talking about rings, kings and Dark Lords. Gandalf caught Samwise and made him Frodo’s companion. From here on out, Sam wasShow MoreRelated A Comparison of Women in Beowulf, Widsith and Icelandic Sagas4023 Words   |  17 PagesWomen in Beowulf , Widsith and Icelandic Sagas  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are women in these poems active equals of the men? Or are they passive victims of the men? The roles of the women in Beowulf, Widsith, The Saga of The Volsungs, and the Saga of King Hrolf Kraki are not always stereotyped ones of passive homemaker and childbearer and peaceweaver, but sometimes ones giving freedom of choice, range of activity, and opportunity for personal growth and development.    Let us first ofRead MoreA Comparison of Christian Influence on Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki2779 Words   |  12 PagesChristian Influence on Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Beowulf the Christian influence is revealed through approximately 70 passages in which the form of expression or the thought suggests Christian usage or doctrine (Blackburn 3); The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki is in its own way infused with Christian values even though it preserves remnants of the cult of Odin.    The Christian element seems to be too deeply interwoven in the text of Beowulf for us to suppose thatRead MoreMy Name is Nobody: Postmodernism in Derek Walcotts The Schooner Flight1389 Words   |  6 PagesTales of journeys appear repeatedly throughout the expanse of literature; these sagas include the stories of Gilgamesh, King Arthur, and, more recently, The Lord of the Rings. Derek Walcott’s poem â€Å"The Schooner Flight† initially seems out of place amongst these surging legends of heroics and danger, yet through closer examination the poem flourishes as a postmodern retelling then deconstruction of the age-old heroic journey. The poem is a celebration of Greek mythology, a disruptive force againstRead More Beowulf and Grettirs Saga Essay3715 Words   |  15 PagesBeowulf and Grettirs Saga IN THE DEAD OF THE NIGHT, someone or something, is murdering the local townsfolk. As fate provides, a stranger marches into the local bar announcing his intention to kill the menacing outlaw. The fiend returns to the scene of his crimes, and, as predicted, the outsider fights and mortally wounds the brute, which limps off to a hidden lair. The hero and his comrade(s) track the wounded villain to an underwater cave and the ensuing fray results in the death of the criminalsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The R. Tolkien 1912 Words   |  8 PagesPart of this literary success comes from his astounding character development; his way of writing causes the reader to truly feel what his characters are experiencing and many a reader has cried at the death of a Tolkien character. However, if most people attempt to think of one of his characters the first ones that come to mind are males such as Aragorn and Frodo, when in all reality some of his most intriguing and subtly pivotal characters ar e females. Galadriel, Là ºthien, Arwen, and EÃŒ owyn are fourRead MoreBritish Literature Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesBritish Literature 1. the Middle Ages the oldest literature monument of the Anglo – Saxon period is the old Germanic legend called BEOWULF. This heroic poem is about the strong and courageous pagan hero Beowulf John Wycliffe – is a professor of Oxford University. With his students he translated the whole Bible into English - he influenced Master Jan Hus and our Hussite movement very much 2. the renaissance and humanism Geoffrey Chaucer – Canterbury Tales – brilliant portrait of 30 pilgrimsRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 Pagesthe Heroic, the sources of which are pre-Christian Germanic myth, history and custom; and the Christian. Heroic, or Epic Poetry belongs to one of these two types and refers to long narrative poems celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, in a grand, ceremonious style. In its strict use by literary critics, the terms Heroic Poetry or Epic are applied to a work that meets the following criteria: such a poem must be related in an elevated style, and centered upon a heroic or quasi-divineRead MoreHeroism as the Main Theme of Beowulf Essay2557 Words   |  11 Pagessuccess in battle. This is why King Hrothgar is known as the ring-giver. He behaves according to expectations of the duties of a lord when he lavishly rewards Beowulf and the other Geat warriors for ridding the Danes of Grendels menace.O:P/O:P But the thanes have their obligations too. (A thane is a warrior who has been rewarded by his king with a gift of land.) They must show undivided loyalty to their lord. Only in this way can the society survive, because the worldRead MoreHeroism Main Theme in Beowulf3076 Words   |  13 Pagestribe and their success in battle. This is why King Hrothgar is known as the â€Å"ring-giver.† He behaves according to expectations of the duties of a lord when he lavishly rewards Beowulf and the other Geat warriors for ridding the Danes of Grendel’s menace. But the thanes have their obligation too. (A thane is a warrior who has been rewarded by his king with a gift of land.) They must show undivided loyalty to their lord. Only in this way can the society survive, because the world depicted in BeowulfRead MoreThe Forest in Folk and Fairy-Tales3104 Words   |  13 PagesBrothers Grimm’s Little Red Riding Hood, and popular fairy tale heroines like Snow White experience the threat of death in the forest and the joy of deliverance. The eponymous heroes of J.R.R. Tolkien’s seminal high fantasy texts The Hobbit and The Lord of The Rings and J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series must also lose themselves in the woods. These heroes battle not only their own demons, but shadows cast over the future of humanity. All must enter the forest at great personal risk in order to evolve.

Nike vs. Reebok - 1362 Words

Nike vs. Reebok Questions 1. The success of Nike was strictly fortuitous and had little to do with great decision making. Evaluate this statement. The important part of the success was due to the far-sight of Nikes management team. Nikes CEO, who was a marathoner and knew what runners wanted for their shoes, had made a very basic strategy work; make the products that fit their consumers needs. Examples of great decision making are: • Diversifying products (into sports wears and others) was a smart move that had contributed to the current and growing success of Nike. • Nikes managements bet on celebrities marketing. These athlete celebrities including Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods had introduced and placed Nike and its swoosh†¦show more content†¦The major factor to its success could be due to the consistent marketing with the extended coverage into peoples everyday life. The swoosh appears in advertising so much that people tend to correlate it with Nike by heart. 9. Critics have condemned Nikes targeting ghetto youth with its expensive celebrity shoes. What is your opinion about this? Unethical? Shrewd marketing? A tempest in a teapot? Nikes marketing team would be unwise to try to mark the kids that have little buying powers as their target group. In selling its products, it is inevitable that Nike would want to market their products to widest audience possible. It is therefore possible that these youth would perceive the image of the products and would like to posses them (and so do other well-being youth and adults). Part of the reason Nike became the focal point of criticism of various kinds especially in regarding treatment to children is probably its use of child-labor in their China manufacturingShow MoreRelatedNike vs. Reebok1378 Words   |  6 PagesNike vs. Reebok Questions 1. The success of Nike was strictly fortuitous and had little to do with great decision making. Evaluate this statement. The important part of the success was due to the far-sight of Nikes management team. Nikes CEO, who was a marathoner and knew what runners wanted for their shoes, had made a very basic strategy work; make the products that fit their consumers needs. Examples of great decision making are: • Diversifying products (into sports wears and others)Read MoreNike: Globalizing the Sportswear Industry1250 Words   |  5 PagesNike case Grachya Ovsepyan Alexander Kopenkin 2011 Nike – Globalizing the Sportswear Industry 1. Evaluate Nike’s business strategy. Does Nike have a sustainable competitive advantage? According to the text, there are four cornerstones in Nike’s strategy: 1) Deepening its relationship with customers. There are some obvious ways of having a â€Å"deep relationship† with customers such as taking into consideration results of various enquiries or following current trends like many companiesRead MoreNike and What It Does to Third World Countrys1726 Words   |  7 PagesThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition The current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labour, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paperRead MoreNike Marketing Plan Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagesendeavors to recommend a viable marketing plan for the footwear giant, Nike. The plan has been adequately substantiated with thorough research on different factors affecting the firm along with various ways of addressing future challenges. This research paper highlights that Nike is confronted with multifarious issues which need to be negotiated amicably. Result of the study concludes that there is still a world waiting for the Nike to be exploited, outsmarting its competitors employing its innovativeRead MoreN ike-High End Shoe Market Survey in Bangladesh.Doc2217 Words   |  9 Pagesbuy it, how often they buy it, how often they use it, how they evaluate it after the purchase and impact of such evaluation on future purchases disposal. Nike shoes are sold worldwide at high price. People tend to associate high price positively with good quality maximum performance. Because of the high price, before buying Nike shoes, people undergo extensive information processing, i.e. - ask friends or search the internet to find information about the product. 1.2 Origin of Report Read MoreNike-High End Shoe Market Survey in Bangladesh.Doc2203 Words   |  9 Pagesit, how often they buy it, how often they use it, how they evaluate it after the purchase and impact of such evaluation on future purchases disposal. Nike shoes are sold worldwide at high price. People tend to associate high price positively with good quality maximum performance. Because of the high price, before buying Nike shoes, people undergo extensive information processing, i.e. - ask friends or search the internet to find information about the product. 1.2 Origin of Report Read MoreFootwear Industry Research4095 Words   |  17 PagesFootwear Industry Local Vs Global Footwear Industry Local Vs Global A Secondary Research and Analysis on Local and Global Brands in the Indian Footwear Industry Submitted to: Prepared By: Chirag Bansal Deepti Tripathi(IMT-G) Read MoreThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition1752 Words   |  8 PagesThe Manufacturing Practices of the Footwear Industry: Nike vs. the Competition Steven Van Dusen The current manufacturing practices of the sneaker industry, in particular companies such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, takes place throughout the globe. With the industry experiencing severe competition, and the product requiring intensive labor, firms are facing extreme pressure to increase their profit margins through their sourcing practices. The following paper will analyzeRead MoreWhat Is Adidas’s Corporate Strategy?1695 Words   |  7 Pagesmarketing strategic tool of matching their product line with famous athletes and sporting events according to their product line. Adidas’s goal has been to focus on surpassing Nike the leader in the global sporting goods industry. There has since been an obvious change in strategic approach from prior to acquiring Reebok International and divesting Salomon winter sports line in 2005 and 2006. They were unable to integrate the winter apparel line of Salomon with the adidas footwear thus having createdR ead MoreSweatshops : A Factory Or Workshop1264 Words   |  6 Pagesmoney. If a designer can get a garment made for $0.50 each then sell that garment for $200 to consumers. The pay given to workers is unfair and unjust, Houghteling wrote in the Harvard International review, â€Å"In Indonesia, for example, where Nike and Reebok laud their recent wage increases in response to the economic downturn, sweatshop laborers now make US $0.20 an hour, while the CEPs calculated national living wage is seven cents higher.† At the end of the day greed has blinded the fashion industry

Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence Free Essays

The Effectiveness of using Cooperative Learning in Enhancing Reading Comprehension for English for Communication II students in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Chapter 2: Literature Review 1. John Myers (Cooperative Learning Vol 11 #4 July 1991) points out that the dictionary definitions of â€Å"collaboration†, derived from its Latin root, focus on the process of working together; the root word for â€Å"cooperation† stresses the product of such work. We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. According to Ted Panitz (1996), he summarize from Johnson, Johnson Smith (1991) the six principles of their definition of a new paradigm of teaching and define cooperation is a structure that was designed to help and guide the specific of product or aims through people that working together in a group. 3. According to Skinners, et. al (2001), cooperative learning is also one of approach under The Communicative Approach where it involves a group of learners been instructed by one teacher when they are working together to complete the task instead of competitively working on it. . Weidner (2003,p. 29) states that cooperative learning is a special form of group teaching which accentuates and structures social processes in learning and makes them a subject of discussion. 5. â€Å" Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups os that students work together to maximize their own and other’s learning† (Johnson, Johnson Holubec, 1998,p. 15) 6. Robert Slavin ( 1987), suggested that cooperative learning occurs when instructional methods enable students to work and learn in small heterogeneous – ability groups. When this happens, cooperative learning is able to lead students into the social power of learning (Zemelman, Baniel Hyde, 1993) 7. Roger T. and David W. Johnson (1994), says that even though these three interaction patterns are not equally effective in helping students learn concepts and skills, it is important that students learn to interact effectively in each of these ways. Students will face situations in which all three interaction patterns are operating and they will need to be able to be effective in each. They also should be able to select the appropriate interaction pattern suited to the situation. An interpersonal, competitive situation is characterized by negative goal interdependence where, when one person wins, the others lose. 8. Borchmann Kirchmann (2006), found that there 5 basic elements in cooperative learning which is interpersonal and small group skills, face to face interaction, individual and group accountability, positive interdependence and group processing. 9. Cowie and Rudduck, (1988, p. 0), state that cooperative learning offers a view of learning which is socially based. 10. Artzt and Newman(1990), define that cooperative learning is an activity involving a small group of learning who work together as a team to complete a task or accomplish a common goal. 11. Davidson (1990) says that cooperative learning is a task of group discussion and resolution (if possible) requiring face to face interaction, an atmosphere of cooperation and mutual helpfulness and individual accountability. 12. Spencer, Kegan (1990), provided as definition of collaborative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. He defines collaborative learning as the structured approach to collaborative learning which is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures or content- free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. 13. Goodsell, Maher and Tinto (1992) describe cooperative learning as a working in groups of two or more mutually searching for understanding, solutions or meanings or creating a product. 4. O’Donnell (2002) is that this cooperative method enhances social interaction that is important for learning because higher mental functions, such as reasoning, comprehension and critical thinking, originate in social interactions and are then internalized by individuals. 15. From Collins Online Dictionary 10th Edition, reading comprehension is a text that students use to help them improve their reading skills b y reading and answering questions relating to the text. Sometimes, used as a test or examination of reading skills. A reading comprehension can be in the students own or another language. 16. According to Snow, Catherine E (2002), in her report entitled ‘Reading For Understanding; Towards an RD Program in Reading Comprehension†, defines reading comprehension as the â€Å"process simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language†. 17. Aarnoutse, Van den Bos,. Brand-Gruwel, 1998; Jenkins et al. , (2003), believe that vocabulary knowledge, fluency, word recognition, and listening comprehension are necessary skills for reading comprehension. 18. s a process that requires how to decode through the development of an extensive repertoire of sight words, learning the meanings of vocabulary words encountered in the texts, and learning how to abstract meaning from text. It represents how well readers understand literal comprehension which concentrates on explicit meaning and inferential comprehension which concentrates on implicit meaning in the reading text. 19. Pressley (2000), states that the development of comprehension skills is a long term developmental process which depends on language and text experiences from early stage of life. Learning how to decode and learning how to abstract the meanings of vocabulary words are commonly encountered in texts. 20. Tahir, (1988, p. 24), â€Å"Reading comprehension involves visual mechanical skills of recognition, remembering of meaning of words, integrating grammatical and semantic clues and relating to the reader’s own general knowledge and the knowledge of the subject being read†. 21. Daniel E. Himes (2007), in his article entitled â€Å"How to Improve Reading Comprehension†, he supports that cooperative learning is one of the method to improve reading comprehension. 2. Erly Wahyuni (2006) in his journal article entitled â€Å"The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Technique in Increasing the Students’ Comprehension of Literary Texts† said that the learners’ responses to the cooperative learning in literary text was good and interesting as they were able to discuss the literary text together. 23. Kassim Shaaban (2007,) from hi s article â€Å"An Initial Study of the Effects of Cooperative Learning on Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary Acquisition, and Motivation to Read† that cooperative learning improves learners’ motivation to read. How to cite Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence, Essays Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence Free Essays The Effectiveness of using Cooperative Learning in Enhancing Reading Comprehension for English for Communication II students in Universiti Utara Malaysia. Chapter 2: Literature Review 1. John Myers (Cooperative Learning Vol 11 #4 July 1991) points out that the dictionary definitions of â€Å"collaboration†, derived from its Latin root, focus on the process of working together; the root word for â€Å"cooperation† stresses the product of such work. We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. According to Ted Panitz (1996), he summarize from Johnson, Johnson Smith (1991) the six principles of their definition of a new paradigm of teaching and define cooperation is a structure that was designed to help and guide the specific of product or aims through people that working together in a group. 3. According to Skinners, et. al (2001), cooperative learning is also one of approach under The Communicative Approach where it involves a group of learners been instructed by one teacher when they are working together to complete the task instead of competitively working on it. . Weidner (2003,p. 29) states that cooperative learning is a special form of group teaching which accentuates and structures social processes in learning and makes them a subject of discussion. 5. â€Å" Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups os that students work together to maximize their own and other’s learning† (Johnson, Johnson Holubec, 1998,p. 15) 6. Robert Slavin ( 1987), suggested that cooperative learning occurs when instructional methods enable students to work and learn in small heterogeneous – ability groups. When this happens, cooperative learning is able to lead students into the social power of learning (Zemelman, Baniel Hyde, 1993) 7. Roger T. and David W. Johnson (1994), says that even though these three interaction patterns are not equally effective in helping students learn concepts and skills, it is important that students learn to interact effectively in each of these ways. Students will face situations in which all three interaction patterns are operating and they will need to be able to be effective in each. They also should be able to select the appropriate interaction pattern suited to the situation. An interpersonal, competitive situation is characterized by negative goal interdependence where, when one person wins, the others lose. 8. Borchmann Kirchmann (2006), found that there 5 basic elements in cooperative learning which is interpersonal and small group skills, face to face interaction, individual and group accountability, positive interdependence and group processing. 9. Cowie and Rudduck, (1988, p. 0), state that cooperative learning offers a view of learning which is socially based. 10. Artzt and Newman(1990), define that cooperative learning is an activity involving a small group of learning who work together as a team to complete a task or accomplish a common goal. 11. Davidson (1990) says that cooperative learning is a task of group discussion and resolution (if possible) requiring face to face interaction, an atmosphere of cooperation and mutual helpfulness and individual accountability. 12. Spencer, Kegan (1990), provided as definition of collaborative learning by looking at general structures which can be applied to any situation. He defines collaborative learning as the structured approach to collaborative learning which is based on the creation, analysis and systematic application of structures or content- free ways of organizing social interaction in the classroom. 13. Goodsell, Maher and Tinto (1992) describe cooperative learning as a working in groups of two or more mutually searching for understanding, solutions or meanings or creating a product. 4. O’Donnell (2002) is that this cooperative method enhances social interaction that is important for learning because higher mental functions, such as reasoning, comprehension and critical thinking, originate in social interactions and are then internalized by individuals. 15. From Collins Online Dictionary 10th Edition, reading comprehension is a text that students use to help them improve their reading skills b y reading and answering questions relating to the text. Sometimes, used as a test or examination of reading skills. A reading comprehension can be in the students own or another language. 16. According to Snow, Catherine E (2002), in her report entitled ‘Reading For Understanding; Towards an RD Program in Reading Comprehension†, defines reading comprehension as the â€Å"process simultaneously extracting and constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written language†. 17. Aarnoutse, Van den Bos,. Brand-Gruwel, 1998; Jenkins et al. , (2003), believe that vocabulary knowledge, fluency, word recognition, and listening comprehension are necessary skills for reading comprehension. 18. s a process that requires how to decode through the development of an extensive repertoire of sight words, learning the meanings of vocabulary words encountered in the texts, and learning how to abstract meaning from text. It represents how well readers understand literal comprehension which concentrates on explicit meaning and inferential comprehension which concentrates on implicit meaning in the reading text. 19. Pressley (2000), states that the development of comprehension skills is a long term developmental process which depends on language and text experiences from early stage of life. Learning how to decode and learning how to abstract the meanings of vocabulary words are commonly encountered in texts. 20. Tahir, (1988, p. 24), â€Å"Reading comprehension involves visual mechanical skills of recognition, remembering of meaning of words, integrating grammatical and semantic clues and relating to the reader’s own general knowledge and the knowledge of the subject being read†. 21. Daniel E. Himes (2007), in his article entitled â€Å"How to Improve Reading Comprehension†, he supports that cooperative learning is one of the method to improve reading comprehension. 2. Erly Wahyuni (2006) in his journal article entitled â€Å"The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Technique in Increasing the Students’ Comprehension of Literary Texts† said that the learners’ responses to the cooperative learning in literary text was good and interesting as they were able to discuss the literary text together. 23. Kassim Shaaban (2007,) from hi s article â€Å"An Initial Study of the Effects of Cooperative Learning on Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary Acquisition, and Motivation to Read† that cooperative learning improves learners’ motivation to read. How to cite Cooperative Learning for Positive Interdependence, Essay examples

Essay on Modifications of Science free essay sample

They are directed to improve several aspects of people’s life, especially as regards health and nutrition of the world. On the other hand, they are also very polemic, as many controversial ideas are taken into account, such as the manipulation of human lives thanks to technology techniques, reasons why sometimes they are considered to be bane. But it is important to realize that if these scientific advances ever become a bane, is not the fault of science but our failing. It’s impossible since it is deeply immersed in many aspects of our daily lives, providing us with a huge variety of discoveries, tools and means to greater comfort and benefits. As it is widely known, science is constantly evolutioning, making possible for mankind to obtain more than what Nature gives us, and this is accomplished through processes such as organ transplants, therapeutic cloning, reprogenetics and genetically modified food. But these developments in science often tend to be controversial because many times they are thought to be a bane rather than a boon. Nevertheless, through this essay we will see that these advances in science are definitely a boon since they not only contribute to lifespan extension but also provide us with a wide range of benefits. One issue worth to consider is organ transplant. It consists on removing a whole usable organ or a part of it from a living or cadaveric donor, to give it to a person who needs it to replace a damaged organ. This revolutionary scientific breakthrough, first successfully achieved in the early 1950s, is enormously beneficial to thousands of patients that have a particular organ failing. Kidney failure, heart failure, lung disease and cirrhosis of the liver are all conditions that can be treated effectively by a transplant. This greatest achievement of modern surgery gives people who suffer from the illness that come from the previously stated organs a chance to live longer than expected. Besides providing ill people with a new lease on life, transplants replace long, uncomfortable and sometimes painful treatments. According to Leslie Davis, a dialysis social worker â€Å"with a transplant, there is a win win situation†. She states that people spend less money, feel better and can even get back to work. So due to all that, and its relatively safeness and routines procedures, transplantation is considered to be in many cases the best treatment. Unfortunately, as Ronal Munson clarifies in his book â€Å"Raising the Dead† organ transplants do not make the illness disappear since the recipient have to take anti-rejection drugs to fight possible infections, but still it is the most reliable thing to do until something more permanent like cloning is accepted. As it was already mentioned, cloning humans for transplanting to human’s bodies is another benefit that science bestows on humans beings. Though it is not yet allowed, this process called Therapeutic Cloning could provide mankind a solution to transplant rejection and organ shortage, ensuring more comfort and lifespan extension. To perform it, scientists have to get a small tissue out from the person’s organ inside their body and clone it. In this way, the tissue becomes an organ that is the same as the original one. Subsequent to cloning, scientists transplant the cloned organ inside the patient’s body and the body hopefully will operate normally like it used to, before any damage was caused to the original organ. Scientists believe that the cloning organ operation is safer than the conventional one (where the transplanted organ comes from another person) owing to the fact that the organ might be not suitable to the recipient’s body in terms of blood type, and even a DNA or organ rejection might occur. Not only would therapeutic cloning be useful to create organs that are a perfect match for those in need of a transplant but it also would provide an unlimited source of organs to anyone who needs them. The waiting list for donated organs today is over 97,000 people. Each day about 74 people get the organ transplant that gives them a second chance, while 17 or more die waiting for a donated organ since many people do not believe that they should donate theirs to anyone after they die. By cloning healthy organ cells and putting them in the areas of the organs that have been damaged, it is believed this shortage issue would not be a problem anymore. Reprogenetics is another controversial advance in science and yet its implementation would mean a real boon to our society. It has to do with the merging of reproductive and genetic technologies that are expected to happen in a near future, such as genetically modified humans. It is highly related to cloning, and it will allow infertile couples who cannot conceive to have their own children. This process is done by putting DNA from men whom the women desire to have children with, into the women’s fetus. Furthermore, with this technology, women can also ask scientists to create their own children with certain characteristics. For instance, they can request to â€Å"design† their babies in vision and hearing, great intelligence, or even create a supermodel’s body, therefore many infertile people will be able to achieve their dream to have children with their own bodies. Besides that, it could also be possible to guarantee that they can clone a healthy baby who is free from the risks of genetic diseases. For example, diseases that are caused by genes such as, down-syndrome, diabetes, mental illness, cancer, and more could be eliminated through this process. As a result, human races will have longer expectation in life than before. Genetically modified food is another topic that can not be left aside in view of the fact that it is very advantageous to human beings. This particular kind of food is produced from genetically modified organisms that have had their genome altered through genetic engineering. This process begins by taking the DNA from one organism, and before inserting it into another organism’s genome, it is modified in a laboratory. As a result, not only are the genetically modified crops resistant to pests, but they also grow significantly faster than regular ones. In other words, it does not demand the application of chemical pesticides because the very crops are designed to resist the insect pests. In the same way, they grow outstandingly faster, ensuring more production in less time. In addition, these crops are very precise, that is to say that they demand effort to obtain the desirable product, and there are no unwanted genes. Taking that into consideration, if we reflect on current issues such as the hard weather conditions of places like Africa and the malnutrition problem in third world countries, there is no doubt that this technique carries with it the solution to those specific problems. Proponents claim that if existing crops are modified, they would grow under hostile conditions providing needed food to the inhabitants, allowing the productions to be much more successful and permitting cultivation in places where normally would not be possible to do it. In conclusion, there is no doubt that all these appealing topics mentioned above are truly beneficial to mankind because they mean a boon to our society in views of comfort and lifespan extension. They are directed to improve several aspects of people’s life, especially as regards health and nutrition of the world. On the other hand, they are also very polemic, as many controversial ideas are taken into account, such as the manipulation of human lives thanks to technology techniques, reasons why sometimes they are considered to be bane. But it is important to realize that if these scientific advances ever become a bane, is not the fault of science but our failing.